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India
India is the largest country in the Indian Subcontinent and
shares borders with Pakistan to the west, China and Nepal to
the north, Bhutan to the north-east, and Bangladesh and Myanmar
to the east. Sri Lanka, the Maldives and Indonesia lie to the
south-east in the Indian Ocean. It is the seventh largest country
in the world by area and, with over a billion people, comes
a close second to China in population. It's an extremely diverse
country, with vast differences in geography, climate, culture,
language and ethnicity across its expanse, and prides itself
on being the largest democracy on Earth.
Regions
India is administratively divided into 28 states and 7 union territories.
The states are broadly demarcated on linguistic lines. They vary
in size; the larger ones are bigger and more diverse than some
countries of Europe. The union territories are smaller than the
states - sometimes they are just one city - and they have much
less autonomy.
These states and union territories are grouped by convention
into the following regions.
-
Himalayan North — Mountainous and beautiful,
a tourist destination for the adventurous and the spiritual.
This region contains some of India's most visited hill-stations
and religious places. Also includes the troubled state of
Jammu and Kashmir
-
The Plains — India's Hindi-speaking heartland.
The country's capital New Delhi is here. The rivers Ganga
and Yamuna flow through this plain. Many of the events that
shaped India's history took place in this region.
-
Western India — miles and miles of the
Thar Desert. Home to the the colorful cities of Rajasthan
- Jaipur, Jodhpur, Udaipur, Bikaner, Goa, as well as the country's
most vibrant and biggest Indian city Mumbai (formerly known
as Bombay), wonderful beaches and Bollywood (Indian film industry
in Bombay)
-
Southern India — a strong bastion of
indigenous culture, South India features famous and historical
temples, tropical forests, backwaters in Kerala, beautiful
hill stations in Tamil Nadu, beaches and cosmopolitan cities
in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh and wonderful lush islands.
-
Eastern India — India's mostly rural
region, its largest city is Kolkata (formerly known as Calcutta),
the temple cities of Puri of Lord Jagannath fame and Bhubaneswar
are both in Orissa.
-
North-Eastern India — remote and sensitive,
the country's tribal corner, with beautiful landscapes and
famous for Tea Gardens. Consists of seven tiny states (by
Indian standards, some of them are larger than Switzerland
or Austria) popularly nicknamed as The Seven Sisters.
Cities
Below is a selection of nine of India's most notable cities. Other
cities can be found under their specific regions.
- Delhi — the capital of India
for a thousand years and the heart of Northern India.
- Bangalore — The garden city,
once the sleepy home of pensioners now transformed into the
city of pubs, technology companies and traffic jams.
- Chennai (formerly Madras) — main
port in Southern India, cradle of Carnatic Music and Bharatanatyam,
home of the famous Marina beach, Automobile Capital of India.
- Cochin — gateway to the sandy
beaches and backwaters of south west India.
- Jaipur — the Pink City is a major
exhibit of the Hindu Rajput culture of medeival Northern India.
- Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) —
the cultural capital of India, Kolkata is home to numerous
colonial buildings. It is known as The City of Joy.
- Mumbai (formerly Bombay) — the
financial capital of India, "Bollywood" (Indian
Film Industry) hub.
- Shimla — the former summer capital
of British India located in the Himalayan foothills with a
large legacy of Victorian architecture.
- Varanasi — considered the most
sacred Hindu city, located on the banks of the Ganges, one
of the oldest continually inhabited cities of the world.
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